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Scoria or cinder is a pyroclastic, highly vesicular, dark-colored volcanic rock formed by ejection from a volcano as a molten blob and cooled in the air to form discrete grains called clasts. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is typically dark in color (brown, black or purplish-red), and basaltic or andesitic in composition.
A cinder cone (or scoria cone [1]) is a steep conical hill of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as volcanic clinkers, volcanic ash, or scoria that has been built around a volcanic vent. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The pyroclastic fragments are formed by explosive eruptions or lava fountains from a single, typically cylindrical, vent.
Lava lakes often form in the centre of scoria cones; if the lava in such a lake breaches the side of the cone, the result is a breached scoria cone, such as Mount Elephant. [1] The volcano first erupted approximately 184,000 years ago, within a tolerance of 38,000 years, according to argon-argon dating research first published 21 February 2017. [2]
It features Mount Scoria, a mountain whose peak is about 150 metres (490 ft) above the surrounding plains. The mountain was once an active volcano, approximately 20 to 26 million years ago. [2] It features unusual and impressive basalt columns, the same type which make up the Giant's Causeway, Ireland. As the volcano's lava cooled, it formed ...
The volcano is named for William Taylor, who purchased the land in 1845. [3] The volcano's lower slopes and scoria mounds to the east and south were quarried away following European settlement, with only the north-west section of the volcanic area remaining. [3] The area around the volcanic cone became a public reserve in the 1920s. [3]
Volcanic cones are among the simplest volcanic landforms. They are built by ejecta from a volcanic vent , piling up around the vent in the shape of a cone with a central crater. Volcanic cones are of different types, depending upon the nature and size of the fragments ejected during the eruption.
The 5.5 km (3.4 mi) wide island is a symmetrical shield volcano cone capped by central scoria cones, reaching a height of 260 m (850 ft). [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Rangitoto is the youngest and largest of the approximately 50 volcanoes of the Auckland volcanic field , having erupted in two phases about 1450 CE and 1500 CE [ 4 ] [ 5 ] and covering an area of ...
The cone is constructed on a formation of lava and scoria over 175 metres (574 ft) thick, which may lie on Jurassic rocks. [2] [3] Glaciers or wind have eroded debris from the cone, forming a "tail" several kilometres long on the ice. [4] Potassium-argon dating has indicated ages of 1.4-0.9 mya, [1] and the volcano formed in the absence of ice. [4]