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The Friedel–Crafts reactions are a set of reactions developed by Charles Friedel and James Crafts in 1877 to attach substituents to an aromatic ring. [1] Friedel–Crafts reactions are of two main types: alkylation reactions and acylation reactions. Both proceed by electrophilic aromatic substitution. [2] [3] [4] [5]
A native of Strasbourg, France, he was a student of Louis Pasteur at the Sorbonne.In 1876, he became a professor of chemistry and mineralogy at the Sorbonne.. Friedel developed the Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions with James Crafts in 1877, [2] [3] and attempted to make synthetic diamonds.
James Mason Crafts (March 8, 1839 – June 20, 1917) was an American chemist, mostly known for developing the Friedel–Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions with Charles Friedel in 1876. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Freund reaction; Friedel–Crafts acylation; Friedel–Crafts alkylation; Friedländer synthesis; Fries rearrangement; Fritsch–Buttenberg–Wiechell rearrangement; Fujimoto–Belleau reaction; Fujiwara–Moritani reaction; Fukuyama coupling; Fukuyama indole synthesis; Fukuyama reduction
The reaction is a type of Friedel-Crafts acylation with hydrogen chloride and a Lewis acid catalyst. The synthesis of 2,4,6-Trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) from phloroglucinol is representative: [1] If two-equivalents are added, 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol is the product. Hoesch reaction example, 1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)ethanone from phloroglucinol
Friedel–Crafts reaction, a type of organic reaction developed by Charles Friedel and James Crafts in 1877.; Friedel's law, named after Georges Friedel, the crystallographer, is a property of Fourier transforms of real functions.
Phenethyl alcohol is prepared commercially via two routes. Most common is the Friedel-Crafts reaction between benzene and ethylene oxide in the presence of aluminium trichloride. C 6 H 6 + CH 2 CH 2 O + AlCl 3 → C 6 H 5 CH 2 CH 2 OAlCl 2 + HCl. The reaction affords the aluminium alkoxide that is subsequently hydrolyzed to the desired product.
Lanthanide triflates are proposed for Friedel-Crafts acylations and alkylations, which are often carried out with AlCl 3 as the catalyst in an organic solvent. The nature of the Friedel-Craft reaction, especially the acylation, forces the AlCl 3 to irreversibly complex with any oxygen-containing group in the product, with the only way of decomplexing it being to destroy the AlCl 3 part with ...