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The smaller of these loops are much less efficient than the extraordinary performance of full-sized, self-resonant loops, [14] or the moderate efficiency of monopoles, dipoles, and halos, but where space for a full wave loop or a half-wave dipole is not available, small loops can provide adequate communications with low-but-tolerable efficiency.
Large loops have a perimeter of one full wavelength, or larger. When they are one, two, or three wavelengths, or any whole-number multiple of a wavelength, they are naturally resonant and act somewhat similarly to the full-wave or multi-wave dipole. When it is necessary to distinguish them from small loops, they are called "full-wave" loops.
The wire loops are almost invisible, suspended on the ends of the crossed supports. A quad antenna is a type of directional wire radio antenna used on the HF and VHF bands. A quad is a Yagi–Uda antenna ("Yagi") made from loop elements instead of dipoles: It consists of a driven element and one or more parasitic elements ; however in a quad ...
The nominal "80 meter" band begins at 3.5 MHz (85.7 m wavelength) and goes up to 4.0 MHz (74.9 m wavelength).The upper part of the band, mostly used for voice, is often referred to as 75 meters, since in Region 2, the wavelengths in that section are between 80–75 meters (adjacent to or overlapping a shortwave broadcast band called by the same name: "75 m").
Slotted array UHF television broadcasting antenna. As shown by H. G. Booker in 1946, from Babinet's principle in optics a slot in a metal plate or waveguide has the same radiation pattern as a driven rod antenna whose rod is the same shape as the slot, with the exception that the electric field and magnetic field directions are interchanged; the antenna is a magnetic dipole instead of an ...
A half wave whip antenna (length of ) has somewhat higher gain than a quarter wave whip, but it has a current node at its feedpoint at the base of the rod so it has very high input impedance. If it was infinitely thin the antenna would have an infinite input impedance, but the finite width gives typical, practical half wave whips an impedance ...
Self-resonant loops with a perimeter of one full wavelength have a radiation pattern which peaks perpendicular to the plane of the loop (along the z axis, in the diagram below) but falls to zero within the plane of the loop, quite opposite the radiation pattern of a halo antenna. Thus, despite the superficial similarity, these two antenna types ...
Animation of an omnidirectional half-wave dipole antenna transmitting radio waves. The antenna in the center is two vertical metal rods, with an alternating current applied at its center from a radio transmitter (not shown). Loops of electric field (black lines) leave the antenna and travel away at the speed of light; these are the radio waves ...