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Maritime archaeology (also known as marine archaeology) is a discipline within archaeology as a whole that specifically studies human interaction with the sea, [1] lakes and rivers through the study of associated physical remains, be they vessels, shore-side facilities, port-related structures, cargoes, human remains and submerged landscapes. [2]
There are many reasons why underwater archaeology can make a significant contribution to our knowledge of the past. In the shipwreck field alone, individual shipwrecks can be of significant historical importance either because of the magnitude of loss of life (such as the Titanic) or circumstances of loss (Housatonic was the first vessel in history sunk by an enemy submarine).
The archaeology of shipwrecks is the field of archaeology specialized most commonly in the study and exploration of shipwrecks. [1] Its techniques combine those of archaeology with those of diving to become Underwater archaeology .
Popular discussion of this early Holocene Black Sea flood scenario was headlined in The New York Times in December 1996 [10] and later published as a book. [9] In a series of expeditions widely covered by mainstream media, a team of marine archaeologists led by Robert Ballard identified what appeared to be ancient shorelines, freshwater snail shells, drowned river valleys, tool-worked timbers ...
In 2016, the Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project was initiated, which uncovered 41 shipwrecks off the Bulgarian coast of the Black Sea within just a few months of initiation. The ships were documented with 3D photogrammetry, revealing their intricate details. Some of the ships were well preserved and date back to Byzantine times. [8]
War at Sea: A Shipwrecked History from Antiquity to the Twentieth Century is a book by American maritime archaeologist James P. Delgado, published in 2019 by Oxford University Press. The book explores naval warfare through the lens of shipwrecks , spanning over three thousand years of history from ancient civilizations to the Cold War .
The next known occupation in North America (and Florida) is the Archaic culture. The archaeological evidence suggests that the Archaic culture appears after the Clovis culture around 11,500 years ago. The dates of these two cultures and the level of the sea at the time of their existence are very important to archaeologists.
The Sea Research Society (SRS) is a non-profit organization promoting research and education in marine science and history. Founded in 1972 by underwater archaeologist E. Lee Spence , [ 1 ] SRS undertakes archival research and underwater expeditions in search of historic shipwrecks. [ 2 ]