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Athletes that are actively training lose water and electrolytes from their bodies by sweating, and expending energy.Sports drinks are sometimes chosen to be a solution for this problem through fluid replacement, carbohydrate loading and nutrient supplementation, [4] although the same source also states that "Whether water or a sports drink is consumed is the athlete's choice."
Saline solution for irrigation. Normal saline (NSS, NS or N/S) is the commonly used phrase for a solution of 0.90% w/v of NaCl, 308 mOsm/L or 9.0 g per liter. Less commonly, this solution is referred to as physiological saline or isotonic saline (because it is approximately isotonic to blood serum, which makes it a physiologically normal solution).
Ringer's solution is a solution of several salts dissolved in water for the purpose of creating an isotonic solution relative to the body fluids of an animal. Ringer's solution typically contains sodium chloride , potassium chloride , calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate , with the last used to buffer the pH .
100PLUS (often pronounced as "hundred plus") is a brand of isotonic sports drink manufactured by Fraser and Neave. It was created and launched in 1983 in both Malaysia and Singapore, with the name commemorating 100 years of Fraser and Neave's founding. [1] [2]
The inclusion of sodium in fluid replacement drinks has some theoretical benefits [41] and poses little or no risk, so long as these fluids are hypotonic (since the mainstay of dehydration prevention is the replacement of free water losses).
The most commonly used crystalloid fluid is normal saline, a solution of sodium chloride at 0.9% concentration, which is close to the concentration in the blood . [3] Ringer's lactate or Ringer's acetate is another isotonic solution often used for large-volume fluid replacement. The choice of fluids may also depend on the chemical properties of ...
Ringer's lactate solution is commonly used for fluid resuscitation after blood loss due to trauma, or surgery. [9] [10]It is extensively used in aggressive volume resuscitation, e.g. for patients with pancreatitis, hemorrhagic shock or major burn injuries. [10]
Before such use other substances generally must be added to make the solution isotonic. [3] Isotonic solutions containing water for injection can be given by injection into a vein, muscle, or under the skin. [4] A non-sterile version may be used in manufacturing with sterilization occurring later in the production process. [5]