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The Dolly Varden trout (Salvelinus malma) is a species of salmonid ray-finned fish native to cold-water tributaries of the Pacific Ocean in Asia and North America.Despite the name "trout" (which typically refers to freshwater species from the genera Salmo and Oncorhynchus), it belongs to the genus Salvelinus (chars), which includes 51 recognized species, the most prominent being the brook ...
Arctic char has a distinct size dimorphism, dwarf and giant. Dwarf Arctic char weigh between 0.2 and 2.3 kg (7 oz and 5 lb 1 oz) and average a length of 8 cm (3 in), while giant Arctic char weigh between 2.3 and 4.5 kg (5 lb 1 oz and 9 lb 15 oz) and average 40 cm (16 in) in length.
The origin of the name "char" or "charr" is unknown, but was perhaps from Celtic, such as the Irish word ceara meaning "fiery red" (found in some Celtic personal names), likely for the bright red belly of the Arctic char; or perhaps borrowed from Middle Low German schar meaning "flounder, dab"; or from Proto-Germanic *skardaz or *skeraną meaning "to cut or shear", possibly referring to its ...
The "Dolly Varden" name is also applied to the other subspecies of S. malma, the S. m. krascheninnikova, and S. m. miyabei, found in Lake Shikaribetsu on the island of Hokkaidō in Japan. [32] The name has also been applied to S. alpinus, today more commonly known as Arctic char. [citation needed]
In freshwater the top of the trout is an olive color with brown and black spots, with the ventral side being tan to yellow. The sides have many orange and red spots ringed with a light blue. [10] Their average length is 60 cm, but they can grow up to 130 cm in length and weigh up to 20 kg under favourable habitat conditions.
The species was later moved to the char genus Salvelinus, which in North America also includes the lake trout, bull trout, Dolly Varden, and the Arctic char. [17] [16] The specific epithet "fontinalis" comes from the Latin for "of a spring or fountain", in reference to the clear, cold streams and ponds in its native habitat. [18] [3]
Salvelinus czerskii — Cherskii's char; Salvelinus drjagini — Dryagin's char; Salvelinus elgyticus — Small-mouth char; Salvelinus jacuticus — Yakutian char; Salvelinus kronocius; Salvelinus lepechini; Salvelinus leucomaenis — Whitespotted char; Salvelinus levanidovi; Salvelinus malma — Dolly Varden trout
This species has a mitochondrial DNA lineage clearly distinct from that of the northern Dolly Varden S. malma, and the latter is closer to the Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus. The southern and northern Dolly Varden also have clear karyological differences. Nevertheless, there has been gene exchange between the southern and northern Dolly Varden ...