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There are a few reviews of free statistical software. There were two reviews in journals (but not peer reviewed), one by Zhu and Kuljaca [26] and another article by Grant that included mainly a brief review of R. [27] Zhu and Kuljaca outlined some useful characteristics of software, such as ease of use, having a number of statistical procedures and ability to develop new procedures.
Ploticus – software for generating a variety of graphs from raw data; PSPP – A free software alternative to IBM SPSS Statistics; R – free implementation of the S (programming language) Programming with Big Data in R (pbdR) – a series of R packages enhanced by SPMD parallelism for big data analysis; R Commander – GUI interface for R
Source: Population Census 2010, [2] except for final column, taken from Population Census 2020. Note: (a) North Kalimantan province was created in 2012 (by separation from East Kalimantan province); the 2010 total figures given are those for the provinces as they were following that splitting (Urban % and Total Fertility Rate columns unadjusted).
This is a list of free and open-source software (FOSS) packages, computer software licensed under free software licenses and open-source licenses. Software that fits the Free Software Definition may be more appropriately called free software; the GNU project in particular objects to their works being referred to as open-source. [1]
Censuses were taken in Malaysia in 1970, 1980, 1991, 2000, 2010, and 2020. [8] The total population is around 32.4 million according to the 2020 census. [9] The population distribution is highly uneven, with some 20 million residents concentrated in Peninsula Malaysia. [10] 74.7% of the population is urban. [11]
In statistics, a population is a set of similar items or events which is of interest for some question or experiment. [1] [2] A statistical population can be a group of existing objects (e.g. the set of all stars within the Milky Way galaxy) or a hypothetical and potentially infinite group of objects conceived as a generalization from experience (e.g. the set of all possible hands in a game of ...
Population genetics is a subfield of genetics that deals with genetic differences within and among populations, and is a part of evolutionary biology.Studies in this branch of biology examine such phenomena as adaptation, speciation, and population structure.
Japan dropped from the 5th most populous country in the world to 6th in 1964, 7th in 1978, 8th in 1990, to 9th in 1998, to 10th in the early 21st century, 11th in 2020, and to 12th in 2023. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] Over the period of 2010 to 2015, the population shrank by almost a million, [ 14 ] and Japan lost a half-million in 2022 alone. [ 15 ]