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Various techniques for returning multiple values include: Returning a tuple of values. This is conventional in languages (such as Python) that have a built-in tuple data type and special syntax for handling these: in Python, x, y = f() calls the function f returning a pair of values and assigns the elements of the pair to two variables ...
In all versions of Python, boolean operators treat zero values or empty values such as "", 0, None, 0.0, [], and {} as false, while in general treating non-empty, non-zero values as true. The boolean values True and False were added to the language in Python 2.2.1 as constants (subclassed from 1 and 0 ) and were changed to be full blown ...
The return value from a function is provided within the function by making an assignment to an identifier with the same name as the function. [5] However, some versions of Pascal provide a special function Exit(exp); that can be used to return a value immediately from a function, or, without parameters, to return immediately from a procedure. [6]
find the value (if any) that is bound to a given key. The argument to this operation is the key, and the value is returned from the operation. If no value is found, some lookup functions raise an exception, while others return a default value (such as zero, null, or a specific value passed to the constructor).
Elements of a newly created array may have undefined values (as in C), or may be defined to have a specific "default" value such as 0 or a null pointer (as in Java). In C++ a std::vector object supports the store, select, and append operations with the performance characteristics discussed above. Vectors can be queried for their size and can be ...
A reference to Y(2) is a reference to X(2,2), and so on. A slice, called a cross-section, of an array can be referred to by using asterisk as the subscript for one or more dimensions. The following code sets all the elements in the first column of X to zero. One or more subscripts can be specified by asterisks in an expression. [2]: p.43
If a reference type is mutable, then mutations made via one reference are visible via any other, whereas if a value type is mutable, then mutations made to one value are not visible in another. Reference types support the notion of identity — it makes sense to discuss whether two values of reference type refer to the same object, and the ...
Assign a data type to the return value, if any; Specify a return value in the function body; Call a function; Provide actual parameters that correspond to a called function's formal parameters; Return control to the caller at the point of call; Consume the return value in the caller; Dispose of the values returned by a call