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The word hannya (般若) is a Japanese phonetic transcription of the Sanskrit word prajñā (प्रज्ञा), meaning 'wisdom'. [6] There are several hypotheses as to why the mask used in Noh, which represents a vengeful spirit expressing female jealousy and resentment, was named hannya. [7]
A Gyōdō mask from the Heian period at the Guimet Museum. Surviving masks include a pair of masks dating from 1086 and 1334 at Tōdai-ji (); [5] a set of ten masks dating from 1138 for use in the shōryō-e (聖霊会) ceremonies at Hōryū-ji (); [6] thirteen Heian-period masks from Mitsuki Hachimangū (御調八幡宮) (); [7] a Kamakura-period mask of Tamonten at the Tokyo National Museum ...
Archaeological masks have been found from early Paleo-Eskimo and from early Dorset culture period. [2] It is believed that these masks served several functions, including being in rituals representing animals in personalized form; [14] being used by shaman (medicine man or angakkuq) in ceremonies relating to spirits (as in the case of a wooden mask from southwestern Alaska); [15] it is also ...
The items are selected by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology based on their "especially high historical or artistic value". [2] [3] The list presents 50 materials or sets of materials from ancient to feudal Japan, spanning a period from about 4,500 BC to 1361 AD. The actual number of items is more than 50 because ...
Japanese folklore encompasses the informally learned folk traditions of Japan and the Japanese people as expressed in its oral traditions, customs, and material culture. In Japanese, the term minkan denshō (民間伝承, "transmissions among the folk") is used to describe folklore. The academic study of folklore is known as minzokugaku ...
A 19th century carved nut, depicting the mask of Hyottoko. Hyottoko (火男) is a comical Japanese character, portrayed through the use of a mask. His mouth is puckered and skewed to one side. Some masks have different eye sizes between the left and right eyes. He is often wearing a scarf around his head (usually white with blue dots).
Onryō are used as subjects in various traditional Japanese performing arts such as Noh, Kabuki, and Rakugo; for example, hannya is a Noh mask representing a female onryō. [5] The Japanese people's reverence for onryō has been passed down to the present day.
Iroquois oral history tells the beginning of the False Face tradition. According to the accounts, the Creator Shöñgwaia'dihsum ('our creator' in Onondaga), blessed with healing powers in response to his love of living things, encountered a stranger, referred to in Onondaga as Ethiso:da' ('our grandfather') or Hado'ih (IPA:), and challenged him in a competition to see who could move a mountain.