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The Alps are split into five climatic zones, each with different vegetation. The climate, plant life, and animal life vary among the different sections or zones of the mountains. The lowest zone is the colline zone, which exists between 500 and 1,000 m (1,600 and 3,300 ft), depending on the location.
While smaller groups within the Alps may be easily defined by the passes on either side, defining larger units can be problematic. A traditional divide exists between the Western Alps and the Eastern Alps, which uses the Splügen Pass (Italian: Passo dello Spluga) on the Swiss-Italian border, together with the Rhine to the north and Lake Como in the south as the defining features.
Prominence lists (including all mountains in the world with >1,450m prominence) Alpine Club Himalayan index (Especially informative for history of ascents and location of obscure peaks) BlankontheMap site on mountains of Northern Kashmir; Hispar area: expedition reports and maps; List of highest mountains down to 6750 metres
For a list by height, see the list of mountains of the Alps. By descending to 1,500 m of prominence, this list includes all the Ultras of the Alps. Some famous peaks, such as the Matterhorn and Eiger, are not Ultras because they are connected to higher mountains by high cols and therefore do not achieve enough topographic prominence.
Chimborazo is only the 39 th tallest mountain in the Andes, when measured from sea level, but there was a brief time in the 19 th century when it was thought to be the world’s highest peak.
The mountain's current shape is the result of cirque erosion due to multiple glaciers diverging from the peak, such as the Matterhorn Glacier at the base of the north face. Sometimes referred to as the Mountain of Mountains (German: Berg der Berge), [5] it has become an indelible emblem of the Alps in general. Since the end of the 19th century ...
Relief of the Alps. This page tabulates only the most prominent mountains of the Alps, selected for having a topographic prominence of at least 300 metres (980 ft), all exceeding 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) in height. Although the list contains 537 summits, some significant alpine mountains are necessarily excluded for failing to meet the stringent ...
The list is a continuation of the List of prominent mountains of the Alps (2500–2999 m) and List of prominent mountains of the Alps above 3000 m, which contains an introduction with statistics and an explanation of the criteria.