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Knowledge, education and understanding are uppermost in management plans for tic disorders, [6] and psychoeducation is the first step. [14] [15] A child's parents are typically the first to notice their tics; [16] they may feel worried, imagine that they are somehow responsible, or feel burdened by misinformation about Tourette's. [14]
Education is an important part of any treatment plan, ... Other tic disorders include persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tics, in which one type of tic (motor or ...
Transient tic disorder consisted of multiple motor and/or phonic tics with duration of at least 4 weeks, but less than 12 months. Chronic tic disorder was either single or multiple motor or phonic tics, but not both, which were present for more than a year.
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307.22 Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder; 307.21 Transient tic disorder: Must meet the following criteria in order to be diagnosed: A. Either one or multiple motor and/or vocal tics, for example, motor or vocal noises that are rapid, repeated, sudden, and nonrhythmic. B.
Motor tics are movement-based tics affecting discrete muscle groups. [4]Phonic tics are involuntary sounds produced by moving air through the nose, mouth, or throat. They may be alternately referred to as verbal tics or vocal tics, but most diagnosticians prefer the term phonic tics to reflect the notion that the vocal cords are not involved in all tics that produce sound.
Tourette syndrome (TS) is an inherited neurological condition of multiple motor and at least one vocal tic. Although Tourette syndrome is the most common cause of tic disorders, [1] other sporadic, genetic, and neurodegenerative disorders may also exhibit tics. [2] [3]
Massed negative practice is a proposed treatment for the tics of Tourette syndrome in which the individual with Tourette's "practices" tics continuously until a conditioned level of fatigue is reached.