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Solar spectrum with Fraunhofer lines as it appears visually. In 1802, English chemist William Hyde Wollaston [2] was the first person to note the appearance of a number of dark features in the solar spectrum. [3] In 1814, Joseph von Fraunhofer independently rediscovered the lines and began to systematically study and measure their wavelengths ...
They noticed that lines for sodium were alternating sharp and diffuse. They were the first to use the term "diffuse" for the lines. [18] They classified alkali metal spectral lines into sharp and diffuse categories. In 1890 the lines that also appeared in the absorption spectrum were termed the principal series.
Emission spectrum for sodium, showing the D line. Sodium at standard temperature and pressure is a soft silvery metal that combines with oxygen in the air, forming sodium oxides. Bulk sodium is usually stored in oil or an inert gas. Sodium metal can be easily cut with a knife. It is a good conductor of electricity and heat.
Bergmann observed lithium at 5347 cm −1, sodium at 5416 cm −1 potassium at 6592 cm −1. [2] Bergmann observed that the lines in the series in the caesium spectrum were double. His discovery was announced in Contributions to the Knowledge of the Infra-Red Emission Spectra of the Alkalies, Jena 1907. [3] Carl Runge called this series the ...
This is the spectrum of a blue sky somewhat close to the horizon, looking east with the sun to the west at around 3–4 pm on a clear day. A spectral line is a weaker or stronger region in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum. It may result from emission or absorption of light in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby ...
The emission spectrum characteristics of some elements are plainly visible to the naked eye when these elements are heated. For example, when platinum wire is dipped into a sodium nitrate solution and then inserted into a flame, the sodium atoms emit an amber yellow color. Similarly, when indium is inserted into a flame, the flame becomes blue.
English: Atomic spectrum of sodium from 380 to 780 nm, with colour spectrum and wavelength scale below. ... Add a one-line explanation of what this file represents.
Grotrian diagram for sodium. The principal series is due to the 3s-np transitions shown here in red. The lines are absorption lines when the electron gains energy from an s subshell to a p subshell. When electrons descend in energy they produce an emission spectrum.