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Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 24 Months) Preoperational Stage (24 Months to 7 Years) Concrete Operational Stage (7 Years to 12 Years) Formal Operational Stage (12 Years and Up) Infant cognitive development occurs in the Sensorimotor stage which starts at birth and extends until the infant is about 2 years of age.
Early childhood development is the period of rapid physical, psychological and social growth and change that begins before birth and extends into early childhood. [1] While early childhood is not well defined, one source asserts that the early years begin in utero and last until 3 years of age. [1]
These scores are used to determine the child's performance compared with norms taken from typically developing children of their age (in months). [1] The Bayley-III has three main subtests; the Cognitive Scale, which includes items such as attention to familiar and unfamiliar objects, looking for a fallen object, and pretend play, the Language ...
Weight is now approximately three times the child's birth weight. Respiration rate varies with emotional state and activity. Rate of growth slows. Head size increases slowly; grows approximately 1.3 cm (0.51 in) every six months; anterior fontanelle is nearly closed at eighteen months as bones of the skull thicken.
Moreover, Piaget claimed that cognitive development is at the centre of the human organism, and language is contingent on knowledge and understanding acquired through cognitive development. [6] Piaget's earlier work received the greatest attention. Child-centred classrooms and "open education" are direct applications of Piaget's views. [7]
Cognitive development is a field of study in neuroscience and psychology focusing on a child's development in terms of information processing, conceptual resources, perceptual skill, language learning, and other aspects of the developed adult brain and cognitive psychology.
The babbling period ends at around 12 months because it is the age when first words usually occur. However, individual children can show large variability, and this timeline is only a guideline. From birth to 1 month, babies produce mainly pleasure sounds, cries for assistance, and responses to the human voice. [14]
At birth the infantile brain contains 100 billion neurons – as many as in the brain of an adult. [4] In order to have this many neurons at birth, the fetus's brain must produce neurons at the rate of 250,000 per minute. [3] At birth, every cortical neuron is connected with about 2500 neurons; after a year, with about 15 000. [5]