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Polymyositis and the associated inflammatory myopathies have an associated increased risk of cancer. [3] The features they found associated with an increased risk of cancer were older age, age greater than 45, male sex, difficulty swallowing, death of skin cells, cutaneous vasculitis, rapid onset of myositis (<4 weeks), elevated creatine kinase, higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate and higher ...
overlapping symptoms (such as muscle weakness, pain, elevated CK); that delaying treatment for an inflammatory myopathy, in order to exclude potential non-inflammatory myopathies, may cause irreversible damage (although administering immunosuppressants and glucocorticosteroids to non-inflammatory myopathies may also cause damage);
The three main types of idiopathic myositis (known as inflammatory myopathies) that typically test positive for autoantibodies are dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and inclusion body myositis. [4] Other autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, can also cause myositis-like symptoms. [4]
Polymyositis that does not respond to treatment is likely IBM. [35] Dermatomyositis shares a number of similar physical symptoms and histopathological traits as polymyositis, but exhibits a skin rash not seen in polymyositis or sIBM. It may have different root causes unrelated to either polymyositis or sIBM. [36]
Diagnosis depends on which diseases the patient shows symptoms and has positive antibodies for in their lab serology. In overlap syndrome, features of the following diseases are found (most common listed): [1] Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Systemic sclerosis; Polymyositis; Dermatomyositis; Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Sjögren's syndrome
The main symptoms include several kinds of skin rash along with muscle weakness in both upper arms or thighs. [8] Although dermatomyositis is closely related to polymyositis and is sometimes assumed to be a complication of that disease, most patients with dermatomyositis develop skin symptoms before any muscle involvement.
People with scleromyositis have symptoms of both systemic scleroderma and either polymyositis or dermatomyositis, and is therefore considered an overlap syndrome. Although it is a rare disease, it is one of the more common overlap syndromes seen in scleroderma patients, together with MCTD and Antisynthetase syndrome.
Pulmonary symptoms may present early on, alongside other symptoms or they may manifest later in the progression of antisynthetase syndrome. [15] A recent study showed that pleural involvement is often associated with antisynthetase syndrome, reporting that 42.2% patients with antisynthetase syndrome had pleural effusions .