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Freezing is a phase transition in which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For most substances, the melting and freezing points are the same temperature; however, certain substances possess differing solid-liquid transition temperatures.
Density (g cm-3) Boiling point (°C) K b (°C⋅kg/mol) Freezing point (°C) K f (°C⋅kg/mol) Data source; Aniline: 184.3 3.69 –5.96 –5.87 K b & K f [1] Lauric acid: 298.9 44 –3.9 Acetic acid: 1.04 117.9 3.14 16.6 –3.90 K b [1] K f [2] Acetone: 0.78 56.2 1.67 –94.8 K b [3] Benzene: 0.87 80.1 2.65 5.5 –5.12 K b & K f [2 ...
Also agrees with Celsius values from Section 4: Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds, Melting, Boiling, Triple, and Critical Point Temperatures of the Elements Estimated accuracy for T c and P c is indicated by the number of digits.
Upon freezing, the volume of mercury decreases by 3.59% and its density changes from 13.69 g/cm 3 when liquid to 14.184 g/cm 3 when solid. The coefficient of volume expansion is 181.59 × 10 −6 at 0 °C, 181.71 × 10 −6 at 20 °C and 182.50 × 10 −6 at 100 °C (per °C). Solid mercury is malleable and ductile, and can be cut with a knife.
Most of the defined points are based on a phase transition; specifically the melting/freezing point of a pure chemical element. However, the deepest cryogenic points are based exclusively on the vapor pressure /temperature relationship of helium and its isotopes whereas the remainder of its cold points (those less than room temperature) are ...
Melting points (in blue) and boiling points (in pink) of the first eight carboxylic acids (°C). For most substances, melting and freezing points are approximately equal. For example, the melting and freezing points of mercury is 234.32 kelvins (−38.83 °C; −37.89 °F). [2]
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For pure elements or compounds, e.g. pure copper, pure water, etc. the liquidus and solidus are at the same temperature, and the term melting point may be used. There are also some mixtures which melt at a particular temperature, known as congruent melting. One example is eutectic mixture. In a eutectic system, there is particular mixing ratio ...