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Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), also known as intraductal carcinoma, is a pre-cancerous or non-invasive cancerous lesion of the breast. [1] [2] DCIS is classified as Stage 0. [3] It rarely produces symptoms or a breast lump that can be felt, typically being detected through screening mammography.
Individuals diagnosed with comedo-type DCIS (comedocarcinoma) often have a higher chance of it developing into an invasive derivative—if left untreated, this chance is nearly 100%. These individuals are also at an increased risk of cancer recurrence, with this recurrence manifesting itself earlier than in other forms of DCIS.
Treatment of non-metastatic invasive breast cancer can vary based on staging, usually early stage (stages I and II) versus locally advanced (stage III). Patients with early stage disease may be offered surgery, including breast conserving therapy.
Consequently, finding and treating many cases of DCIS represents overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Treatment is given to all women with DCIS because it is currently impossible to predict which patients with DCIS will have an indolent, non-fatal course, and which few will inevitably progress to invasive cancer and premature death if left untreated.
Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a group of abnormal cells. [1] [2] While they are a form of neoplasm, [3] there is disagreement over whether CIS should be classified as cancer.This controversy also depends on the exact CIS in question (e.g., cervical, skin, breast).
IBBC tumors do have the potential to metastasize to distant tissues if left untreated for a very long time period. [19]) Virtually all patients (97.2% of the 760 cases) in the SEER review study were treated by surgical removal of their tumors. [12] This surgery has typically been either breast-conserving surgery or modified radical mastectomies ...
Over the course of time—particularly if the primary tumor is left untreated—smaller "satellite" tumors will appear at other places in the body, a phenomenon known as metastasis. Less commonly, a metastatic tumor is found first; but in most such cases, the primary tumor can then be located via examination and testing.
The USC/Van Nuys prognostic index (VNPI) classifies ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) into dissimilar risk categories that may be treated accordingly. The choice of which treatment to receive can be substantially influenced by comorbidity assessments. Familial breast cancers may potentially undergo dissimilar treatment (such as mastectomy).