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The ventral (from Latin venter 'belly') surface refers to the front, or lower side, of an organism. [38] For example, in a fish, the pectoral fins are dorsal to the anal fin, but ventral to the dorsal fin. The terms are used in other contexts; for example dorsal and ventral gun turrets on a bomber aircraft.
Examples: The thumb is on the radial side of the hand (the same as saying the lateral side); the ulnar side of the wrist is the side toward the little finger (medial side). Ventral and dorsal, which describe structures derived from the front (ventral) and back (dorsal) of the embryo, before limb rotation.
Sinistral and dextral, in some scientific fields, are the two types of chirality ("handedness") or relative direction.The terms are derived from the Latin words for "left" (sinister) and "right" (dexter).
The optic tract grows from the retina to the optic tectum. Because dorsal and ventral are inverted in the anterior head region, the tracts grow at first toward the ventral side, to meet in the midline to form a chiasma. Since the optic tectum lies on the dorsal midbrain, each tract then continues dorsally to the contralateral optic tectum. [10]
The standard anatomical position, or standard anatomical model, is the scientifically agreed upon reference position for anatomical location terms.Standard anatomical positions are used to standardise the position of appendages of animals with respect to the main body of the organism.
In humans, reference may take origin from superficial anatomy, made to anatomical landmarks that are on the skin or visible underneath. As with planes, lines and points are imaginary. Examples include: The midaxillary line, a line running vertically down the surface of the body passing through the apex of the axilla (armpit).
Image of the human brain showing sulci, gyri, and fundi shown in a Coronal section. Specific terms are used to represent the gross anatomy of the brain: A gyrus is an outward folding of the brain, for example the precentral gyrus. A sulcus is an inward fold, or valley in the brain's surface - for example the central sulcus. Additional terms ...
This term has also been used as a synonym for dorsoventral organs, those that extend from a dorsal to a ventral surface. [ citation needed ] This word is also used to define body structure of an organism, e.g. flatworm have dorsiventrally flattened bodies.