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Sanitation systems aim to protect human health by providing a clean environment that will stop the transmission of disease, especially through the fecal–oral route. [2] For example, diarrhea, a main cause of malnutrition and stunted growth in children, can be reduced through adequate sanitation. [3]
Poor sanitation can lead to diarrheal disease and malnutrition, which can result in serious illness. [45] Globally, 2.3 billion people do not have access to basic sanitation services, which include access to unshared facilities for disposal of human waste and waste management services. [46]
Poverty and poor health are inseparably linked. [1] Poverty has many dimensions – material deprivation (of food, shelter, sanitation, and safe drinking water), social exclusion, lack of education, unemployment, and low income – that all work together to reduce opportunities, limit choices, undermine hope, and, as a result, threaten health. [2]
WASH factors have been found to be one of the causes of 11.4% of deaths in Zambia. Over half of Zambia's population has access to improved drinking water and less than half of the population has access to adequate sanitation. Peri-urban statistics reveal that majority of the peri-urban population has no access to safe water and sanitation ...
Poor sanitation poses a serious threat to health. Cases of chickenpox and scabies are also rising. ... The shutdown will cause "environmental hazards with around 400 tons of solid waste per day ...
Lack of clean water supply, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) are major causes for the spread of waterborne diseases in a community. The fecal–oral route is a disease transmission pathway for waterborne diseases.
High levels of open defecation are linked to high child mortality, poor nutrition, poverty, and large disparities between rich and poor. [3]: 11 Ending open defecation is an indicator being used to measure progress towards the Sustainable Development Goal Number 6. Extreme poverty and lack of sanitation are statistically linked.
Main causes of fecal–oral disease transmission include lack of adequate sanitation (leading to open defecation), and poor hygiene practices. If soil or water bodies are polluted with fecal material, humans can be infected with waterborne diseases or soil-transmitted diseases. Fecal contamination of food is another form of fecal-oral transmission.