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Ottoman Ghazis defeat the Crusaders during the Battle of Nicopolis. [12] Ghazi (Arabic: غازي, ġāzī) is an Arabic word, the active participle of the verb ġazā, meaning 'to carry out a military expedition or raid'; the same verb can also mean 'to strive for' and Ghazi can thus share a similar meaning to Mujahid or "one who
The Ghaza or Ghazi thesis (from Ottoman Turkish: غزا, ġazā, "holy war", or simply "raid") [nb 1] is a since discredited historical paradigm first formulated by Paul Wittek which has been used to interpret the nature of the Ottoman Empire during the earliest period of its history, the fourteenth century, [2] and its subsequent history.
Abdurrahman Gazi was a warrior of Ertuğrul. He also had a military career with Osman I and with his son Orhan Gazi. [2] [1] [3] He was one of the early commanders of the Ottoman Empire, along with the likes of Turgut Alp and Konur Alp. He was the conqueror of Aydos Castle (located in Sultanbeyli District of Istanbul) which he conquered in 1328 ...
Such a warrior was known in Turkish as a ghazi, and thus this thesis sees the early Ottoman state as a "Ghazi State," defined by an ideology of holy war. The Ghaza Thesis dominated early Ottoman historiography throughout much of the twentieth century before coming under increasing criticism beginning in the 1980s. [3]
Turgut Bey (Ottoman Turkish: طورغود آلپ) was one of the warriors and Bey's who fought for Ertuğrul, a Turkoman leader and bey, and Ertuğrul's son Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman Empire. [3] [1] After the establishment of the Empire, he became one of its military commanders, serving Osman I, as well as his son, Orhan Gazi. [4]
The early Ottoman state's expansion was fueled by the military activity of frontier warriors (Turkish: gazi), of whom the Ottoman ruler was initially merely primus inter pares. Much of the state's centralization was carried out in opposition to these frontier warriors, who resented Ottoman efforts to control them.
Ertuğrul or Ertuğrul Ghazi [b] (died c. 1280/1281) [8] was a 13th-century uch bey (marcher-lord), who was the father of Osman I. [9] Little is known about Ertuğrul's life. According to Ottoman tradition, he was the son of Suleyman Shah, the leader of the Kayı tribe (a claim which has come under criticism from many historians) [c] of the Oghuz Turks (known as Turkomans by then).
The supply of Ottoman forces operating in Moldavia and Wallachia was a major challenge that required well organized logistics. An army of 60,000 soldiers and 40,000 horses required a half-million kilograms of food per day. The Ottoman forces fared better than the Russians, but the expenses crippled both national treasuries.