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The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, [16] also known as the Persian Empire [16] or First Persian Empire [17] (/ ə ˈ k iː m ə n ɪ d /; Old Persian: 𐎧𐏁𐏂, Xšāça, lit. 'The Empire' [ 18 ] or 'The Kingdom' [ 19 ] ), was an Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.
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Conquered the Mede empire c. 550, thus founding the Persian Empire; [10] conquered Lydia in 547, which already controlled several Hellenic cities on the Anatolian coast; soon extended his control to include them; conquered the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 539, freeing the Hebrews enslaved by the Babylonians. Cambyses II: 530–522 BC
Achaemenid art, 6th-4th century BC. British Museum. In 678 BC, Deioces united the Median tribes of Media and made the first Iranian Empire. His grandson Cyaxares managed to unite all Iranian tribes of Ancient Iran and made his empire a major power. When Cyaxares died he was succeeded by his son, Astyages, who was the last king of the Median Empire.
Lydia, including Ionia, during the Achaemenid Empire. Xerxes I tomb, Lydian soldier of the Achaemenid army, circa 480 BC. In 547 BC, the Lydian king Croesus besieged and captured the Persian city of Pteria in Cappadocia and enslaved its inhabitants. The Persian king Cyrus The Great marched with his army against the Lydians.
The Achaemenid Empire was the first of the Persian Empires to become a world empire. At the height of its power, the Empire spanned over three continents, namely Europe , Asia , and Africa , and was the most powerful empire of its time.
During the period of Achaemenid rule, Central Asia was in contact with Saka populations who were themselves in contact with China. [100] After Alexander the Great conquered the Achaemenid Empire, the Saka resisted his incursions into Central Asia. [55] At least by the late 2nd century BC, the Sakas had founded states in the Tarim Basin. [23]
Pasargadae (/pə'sɑrgədi/; [a] Persian: پاسارگاد, romanized: Pāsārgād) was the capital of the Achaemenid Empire under Cyrus the Great (559–530 BC). Today it is an archaeological site located just north of the town of Madar-e-Soleyman and about 90 kilometres (56 mi) to the northeast of the modern city of Shiraz.