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members of the 'Power Users' group have the ability to install programs and backup the system. members of the 'Users' group are the equivalent to unprivileged users on Unix-like systems. Windows defines a number of administrative privileges [ 3 ] that can be assigned individually to users and/or groups.
However, there are varying levels of authentication, known as Rights. The right that is requested can be shown by expanding the triangle next to "details", underneath the password. Normally, applications use system.privilege.admin, but another may be used, such as a lower right for security, or a higher right if higher access is needed.
Authorization is the responsibility of an authority, such as a department manager, within the application domain, but is often delegated to a custodian such as a system administrator. Authorizations are expressed as access policies in some types of "policy definition application", e.g. in the form of an access control list or a capability , or ...
A subject can have multiple roles. A role can have multiple subjects. A role can have many permissions. A permission can be assigned to many roles. An operation can be assigned to many permissions. A permission can be assigned to many operations. A constraint places a restrictive rule on the potential inheritance of permissions from opposing roles.
Remote users are unable to access the built-in administrator account. A Windows administrator account is not an exact analogue of the Unix root account – Administrator, the built-in administrator account, and a user administrator account have the same level of privileges. The default user account created in Windows systems is an administrator ...
Windows 1.0–3.11 and Windows 9x: all applications had privileges equivalent to the operating system;; All versions of Windows NT up to, and including, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003: introduced multiple user-accounts, but in practice most users continued to function as an administrator for their normal operations.
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Something you know, such as a password or a personal identification number (PIN). This assumes that only the owner of the account knows the password or PIN needed to access the account. Something you have, such as a smart card or security token. This assumes that only the owner of the account has the necessary smart card or token needed to ...