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In all urban areas there are numerous impacts on the environment such as air pollution, water pollution, etc. Excessive urbanization creates risks (fragilization of soils, pollution, plundering of natural resources) [6] Urbanization is one of the causes of the erosion of biodiversity. It is also one of the main causes of species extinction. [7]
Such unsupportable growth would suggest that the cause of overurbanization is urbanization happening too rapidly for a city's level of economic development. [3] Dyckman would call this the "pre-takeoff period." [12] However, several scholars have questioned the validity of the connection between urbanization and industrialization. [3] [11]
Urbanization over the past 500 years [13] A global map illustrating the first onset and spread of urban centres around the world, based on. [14]From the development of the earliest cities in Indus valley civilization, Mesopotamia and Egypt until the 18th century, an equilibrium existed between the vast majority of the population who were engaged in subsistence agriculture in a rural context ...
He formed the Urban History Study Group in 1962; its newsletter became the Urban History Yearbook (1974-1991) and then the journal Urban History (1992–present). His edited volume on The Study of Urban History (1968) opened up the methodology and stimulated young scholars, as did the conferences he organized and the book series he edited. Dyos ...
Long-suppressed urbanization and a dramatic housing backlog resulted in extensive peri-urban growth in Tirana , which during the 1990s doubled the size of the city whereas war refugees put pressure on cities of former Yugoslavia. Elsewhere processes of suburbanization seemed dominant, but their pace differed according to housing shortages ...
Urban stream syndrome is a consistently observed trait of urbanization characterized by high nutrient and contaminant concentration, altered stream morphology, increased dominance of dominant species, and decreased biodiversity [29] [52] The two primary causes of urban stream syndrome are storm water runoff and wastewater treatment plant effluent.
Urbanism is the study of how inhabitants of urban areas, such as towns and cities, interact with the built environment. [1] [2] [3] It is a direct component of disciplines such as urban planning, a profession focusing on the design and management of urban areas, and urban sociology, an academic field which studies urban life. [4] [5]
Childe's own work highlighted the urban revolution which he identified as occurring in Mesopotamia in the course of the 4th millennium BCE. [3] Although sometimes interpreted [citation needed] as a model of the origins of cities and urbanism, Childe's concept in fact describes the transition from agricultural villages to state-level, urban ...