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This prolonged exposure to the Sun at its brightest makes these two points the hottest places on Mercury. Maximum temperature occurs when the Sun is at an angle of about 25 degrees past noon due to diurnal temperature lag, at 0.4 Mercury days and 0.8 Mercury years past sunrise. [118]
Due to the proximity of Mercury to the Sun, Mercury on average receives an energy flux from the Sun that is about 7 times the solar constant, but may reach nearly 11 times at maximum and about 4.5 times at minimum. The Sun will have an angular diameter of 1.733 to 1.142°.
The temperature of Mercury's exosphere depends on species as well as geographical location. For exospheric atomic hydrogen, the temperature appears to be about 420 K, a value obtained by both Mariner 10 and MESSENGER. [4] The temperature for sodium is much higher, reaching 750–1,500 K on the equator and 1,500–3,500 K at the poles. [15]
The Met Office has already verified the UK’s new hottest temperature record of 40.3C in Coningsby, Lincolnshire, set later in the day on July 19 – the first time the mercury smashed through ...
Scattered snow showers and some sunshine is forecast over the rest of the day.
Peak daily temperature generally occurs after noon, as air keeps absorbing net heat for a period of time from morning through noon and some time thereafter. Similarly, minimum daily temperature generally occurs substantially after midnight, indeed occurring during early morning in the hour around dawn, since heat is lost all night long.
The day-night cycle is one consideration for planetary habitability or the possibility of extraterrestrial life on distant exoplanets. [38] In general, shorter nights result in a higher equilibrium temperature for the planet. [39] On an Earth-like planet, longer day-night cycles may increase habitability up to a point. [40]
It is the lunar equivalent of the division between night and day on the Earth spheroid, although the Moon's much lower rate of rotation [7] means it takes longer for it to pass across the surface. At the equator, it moves at 15.4 kilometres per hour (9.6 mph), as fast as an athletic human can run on earth.