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PTI's manuals and technical guides are designed to provide guidance on the design, construction, maintenance, and repair/rehabilitation of post-tensioned concrete structures. In addition , PTI aims to ensure that specifiers and purchasers of post-tensioning materials receive best products and services that meet a standard of quality through its ...
A slab is ground-bearing if it rests directly on the foundation, otherwise the slab is suspended. [3] For multi-story buildings, there are several common slab designs (see § Design for more types): Beam and block, also referred to as rib and block, is mostly used in residential and industrial applications. This slab type is made up of pre ...
Waffle slab foundations adhere to International Building Code requirements. By 2008, most states put into effect the changes adopted in the 2006 IBC and, in regards to foundations, the on-grade mat foundation has become a more attractive design because, as an engineered system, it already accommodates the 2008 design recommendations, and required no major modifications to bring it into compliance.
An example of how the numbering system expands to provide additional detail below level 1 is shown for A SUBSTRUCTURE A10 FOUNDATIONS A1010 Standard Foundations A1020 Special Foundations A40 SLABS-ON-GRADE A4010 Standard Slabs-on-Grade A4020 Structural Slabs-on-Grade A4030 Slab Trenches A4040 Pits and Bases A4090 Slab-on-Grade Supplementary Components
The underside of a waffle slab, showing the grid like structure. A waffle slab or two-way joist slab is a concrete slab made of reinforced concrete with concrete ribs running in two directions on its underside. [1] The name waffle comes from the grid pattern created by the reinforcing ribs.
A shallow foundation is a type of building foundation that transfers structural load to the Earth very near to the surface, rather than to a subsurface layer or a range of depths, as does a deep foundation. Customarily, a shallow foundation is considered as such when the width of the entire foundation is greater than its depth. [1]
Shallow foundations of a house versus the deep foundations of a skyscraper. Foundation with pipe fixtures coming through the sleeves. In engineering, a foundation is the element of a structure which connects it to the ground or more rarely, water (as with floating structures), transferring loads from the structure to the ground.
Section through railway track and foundation showing the sub-grade. Grading in civil engineering and landscape architectural construction is the work of ensuring a level base, or one with a specified slope, [1] for a construction work such as a foundation, the base course for a road or a railway, or landscape and garden improvements, or surface drainage.