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Books of hours (Latin: horae) are Christian prayer books, which were used to pray the canonical hours. [2] The use of a book of hours was especially popular in the Middle Ages, and as a result, they are the most common type of surviving medieval illuminated manuscript.
As the form of fixed-hour prayer developed in the Christian monastic communities in the East and West, the Offices grew both more elaborate and more complex, but the basic cycle of prayer still provided the structure for daily life in monasteries. By the fourth century, the elements of the canonical hours were more or less established.
Christian prayer is an important activity in Christianity, and there are several different forms used for this practice. [1] Christian prayers are diverse: they can be completely spontaneous, or read entirely from a text, such as from a breviary, which contains the canonical hours that are said at fixed prayer times.
As the format of unbroken fixed-hour prayer developed in the Christian monastic communities in the East and West, longer prayers soon grew, but the cycle of prayer became the norm in daily life in monasteries. By the fourth century, the characteristics of the canonical hours more or less took their present shape.
In 3rd century Roman Egypt, the Coptic Rite Desert Fathers in Scetes carried pebbles in pouches to count their praying of the Psalms. [3] The Pater Noster Cord, however, originated in the 8th century Celtic Church in Gaelic Ireland as a means to count the recitation of the one hundred and fifty Psalms in the Christian Bible, which are incorporated into the fixed prayer times of Christianity. [5]
The Shehimo Book of Common Prayer is the breviary used in the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church. The "contents of the breviary, in their essential parts, are derived from the early ages of Christianity", consisting of psalms, Scripture lessons, writings of the Church Fathers, as well as hymns and prayers. [6]
On this account the prayer is sometimes referred to as the Aspirations of St. Ignatius Loyola. [1] However, the prayer actually dates to the early 14th century and was possibly written by Pope John XXII, but its authorship remains uncertain. It has been found in a number of prayer books printed during the youth of Ignatius and is in manuscripts ...
From the time of the early Church, the practice of seven fixed prayer times have been taught; in Apostolic Tradition, Hippolytus instructed Christians to pray seven times a day "on rising, at the lighting of the evening lamp, at bedtime, at midnight" and "the third, sixth and ninth hours of the day, being hours associated with Christ's Passion."