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In 1937, Ives performed a detailed analysis of the spectral shifts to be expected of particle beams observed at different angles following a "test theory" which was consistent with the Michelson-Morley experiment (MMX) and the Kennedy-Thorndike experiment (KTX), but which differed from special relativity (and the mathematically equivalent theory of Lorentz and Lamor) in including a parameter ...
This was achieved by Ives–Stilwell who measured α. So β can be determined using Kennedy–Thorndike, and subsequently δ using Michelson–Morley. In addition to those second order tests, Mansouri and Sexl described some experiments measuring first order effects in v / c (such as Rømer's determination of the speed of light ) as being ...
A variety of experiments confirming this effect have been performed both in the atmosphere and in particle accelerators. Another type of time dilation experiments is the group of Ives–Stilwell experiments measuring the relativistic Doppler effect.
The transverse Doppler effect and consequently time dilation was directly observed for the first time in the Ives–Stilwell experiment (1938). In modern Ives-Stilwell experiments in heavy ion storage rings using saturated spectroscopy, the maximum measured deviation of time dilation from the relativistic prediction has been limited to ≤ 10 −8.
Rüchardt experiment: Eduard Rüchardt: Measurement Heat capacity ratio: 1932 Kennedy–Thorndike experiment: Roy J. Kennedy and Edward M. Thorndike Confirmation Inertial frame invariance of speed of light 1938 Ives–Stilwell experiment: Herbert E. Ives and G. R. Stilwell Confirmation Relativistic Doppler shift: 1942 Chicago Pile-1: Enrico ...
The difference that Ives and Stilwell measured corresponded, within experimental limits, to the effect predicted by special relativity. [p 7] Various of the subsequent repetitions of the Ives and Stilwell experiment have adopted other strategies for measuring the mean of blueshifted and redshifted particle beam emissions.
This also affects the role of time dilation in the Kennedy–Thorndike experiment, because its value depends on the value of length contraction used in the analysis of the experiment. Therefore, it's necessary to consider a third experiment, the Ives–Stilwell experiment, in order to derive the Lorentz transformation from experimental data alone.
And in fact, that effect was measured in 1938 by Herbert E. Ives and G. R. Stilwell (Ives–Stilwell experiment). [102] And Lewis and Tolman (1909) described the reciprocity of time dilation by using two light clocks A and B, traveling with a certain relative velocity to each other. The clocks consist of two plane mirrors parallel to one ...