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For example, epigenetic modifications to the gene BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor), as well as Drosophila ATF-2 (dATF-2), as a result of stress can be passed on to offspring. Chronic variable stress induces offspring hypothalamic gene expression modifications, including elevated methylation levels of the BDNF promoter in the hippocampus ...
Based on the monoamine hypothesis of depression, which asserts that decreased concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitters leads to depressive symptoms, the following relations were determined: "Norepinephrine may be related to alertness and energy as well as anxiety, attention, and interest in life; [lack of] serotonin to anxiety, obsessions ...
Amygdala (in red) brain structures linked to anxiety disorders. The pathophysiology of GAD is an active and ongoing area of research often involving the intersection of genetics and neurological structures. [8] Generalized anxiety disorder has been linked to changes in functional connectivity of the amygdala and its processing of fear and ...
The ANS responds reflexively to both physical stressors (for example baroreception), and to higher level inputs from the brain. [ 38 ] The ANS is composed of the parasympathetic nervous system and sympathetic nervous system , two branches that are both tonically active with opposing activities.
Approximately 15–50% of people who suddenly stop an antidepressant develop antidepressant discontinuation syndrome. [7] [2] [3] [4] The condition is generally not serious, [2] though about half of people with symptoms describe them as severe. [4] Many restart antidepressants due to the severity of the symptoms. [4]
How To Stop Overthinking 1. Go for a Walk. Physical exercise is good for stress in general as it can help clear your head. A nice side benefit is that walking releases feel-good endorphins, so you ...
This is a list of major and frequently observed neurological disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), symptoms (e.g., back pain), signs (e.g., aphasia) and syndromes (e.g., Aicardi syndrome). There is disagreement over the definitions and criteria used to delineate various disorders and whether some of these conditions should be classified as ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 21 January 2025. The following is a list of mental disorders as defined at any point by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). A mental disorder, also known as a mental illness, mental health condition, or psychiatric ...