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Ecological restoration, or ecosystem restoration, is the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, destroyed [1] or transformed. [2] It is distinct from conservation in that it attempts to retroactively repair already damaged ecosystems rather than take preventative measures.
[27]: 2321 For example, the decline of sea ice in the Arctic has been accelerating during the early twenty‐first century, with a decline rate of 4.7% per decade (it has declined over 50% since the first satellite records). [28] [29] [30] One well known example of a species affected is the polar bear, whose habitat in the Arctic is threatened ...
Chernobyl disaster in 1986 in Chernobyl, Ukraine killed 49 people and was estimated to have damaged almost $7 billion of property". [2] Radioactive fallout from the accident concentrated near Belarus, Ukraine and Russia and at least 350,000 people were forcibly resettled away from these areas.
The regime shift in the northern Benguela upwelling ecosystem is considered an example of ecosystem collapse in open marine environments. [24] Prior to the 1970s sardines were the dominant vertebrate consumers, but overfishing and two adverse climatic events ( Benguela Niño in 1974 and 1984) lead to an impoverished ecosystem state with high ...
Logging, dredging, conversion of land to ranching or agriculture, mowing, and mining are examples of anthropogenic disturbance.Human activities have introduced disturbances into ecosystems worldwide on a large scale, resulting in widespread range expansion and rapid evolution of disturbance-adapted species. [7]
With regard to the agriculture sector for example, The State of the World's Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture, published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 2019, [18] states that "countries report that many species that contribute to vital ecosystem services, including pollinators, the natural enemies of pests ...
The decrease can be temporary or permanent. It is temporary if the damage that led to the loss is reversible in time, for example through ecological restoration. If this is not possible, then the decrease is permanent. The cause of most of the biodiversity loss is, generally speaking, human activities that push the planetary boundaries too far.
The European settlement period serves as a poignant example of how human activities can drastically impact natural ecosystems. In more recent times, overexploitation has resulted in the gradual emergence of the concepts of sustainability and sustainable development , which has built on other concepts, such as sustainable yield , [ 11 ] eco ...