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Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also called prostate enlargement, is a noncancerous increase in size of the prostate gland. [1] Symptoms may include frequent urination , trouble starting to urinate, weak stream, inability to urinate , or loss of bladder control . [ 1 ]
Diagnosis involves ruling out other potential causes of the symptoms such as bacterial prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, overactive bladder, and cancer. [2] [5] Recommended treatments include multimodal therapy, physiotherapy, and a trial of alpha blocker medication or antibiotics in certain newly diagnosed cases. [6]
It contains seven questions related to symptoms related to BPH and one question related to the patient's perceived quality of life. Created in 1992 by the American Urological Association , it originally lacked the eighth quality of life question, hence its original name: the American Urological Association symptom score (AUA-7). [ 1 ]
Other possible causes of prostatic congestion include benign prostatic hyperplasia, [4] prostate cancer, [5] urinary tract cysts, [6] and infrequent ejaculations. [7] [8] Symptoms are often patient-specific, and diagnosis includes a workup and a digital rectal examination. Individuals are often referred to a urologist for further examination.
Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in men in over half of the world's countries, and the leading cause of cancer death in men in around a quarter of countries. [ 92 ] Prostate cancer is rare in those under 40 years old, [ 93 ] and most cases occur in those over 60 years, [ 2 ] with the average person diagnosed at 67. [ 94 ]
Cancer rates in men are projected to jump by 84 percent from 2022 to 2050, while cancer deaths are expected to increase by 93.2 percent over the same time frame, according to the peer-reviewed study.