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Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), also known as intraductal carcinoma, is a pre-cancerous or non-invasive cancerous lesion of the breast. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] DCIS is classified as Stage 0. [ 3 ] It rarely produces symptoms or a breast lump that can be felt, typically being detected through screening mammography .
Ductal carcinoma in situ, a condition sometimes called non-invasive or stage-zero breast cancer, is a very early finding of disease in the cells that line the milk ducts of the breast.
There are, however, differing opinions and practices. The research literature continues to use IDC or invasive ductal carcinoma NOS, [10] [11] and some medical textbooks have offered support for continued use of IDC or invasive ductal carcinoma NOS. [12] [5]
Comedocarcinomas are usually non-infiltrating and intraductal tumors, characterized as a comedo-type, high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). However, there have been accounts of comedocarcinoma which has then diversified into other cell types and developed into infiltrating (invasive) ductal carcinoma. [2]
According to Johns Hopkins, DCIS – or ductal carcinoma in situ — is a ‘non-invasive form of breast cancer that develops in the milk ducts of the breast.”
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
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