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Juniper berries are sometimes regarded as arils, [3] like the berry-like cones of yews. Juniperus communis berries vary from 4 millimetres ( 1 ⁄ 8 inch) to 12 millimetres ( 1 ⁄ 2 inch) in diameter; other species are mostly similar in size, though some are larger, notably J. drupacea ( 20–28 mm or 3 ⁄ 4 – 1 + 1 ⁄ 8 in).
The fruit are berry-like cones known as juniper berries. They are initially green, ripening in 18 months to purple-black with a blue waxy coating; they are spherical, 4–12 mm ( 5 ⁄ 32 – 15 ⁄ 32 in) diameter, and usually have three (occasionally six) fleshy fused scales, each scale with a single seed.
J. procumbens ‘Nana’– This Japanese type of juniper shrub forms a dense mat of prickly blue-green needles that turn slightly purplish in winter. It grows slowly to 6-12 inches tall, 3-6 feet ...
The cones are berry-like, with soft resinous flesh, subglobose to ovoid, 5–7 mm long, dark blue with a pale blue-white waxy bloom, and contain a single seed (rarely two or three); they mature in about 6–8 months from pollination, and are eaten by birds and mammals. [5] The male cones are 2–4 mm long, and shed their pollen in late winter.
A small quantity of ripe berries can be eaten as an emergency food or as a sage-like seasoning for meat. The dried berries can be roasted and ground into a coffee substitute. [10] Utah juniper is an aromatic plant. Essential oil extracted from the trunk and limb is prominent in α-pinene, δ-3-carene, and cis-thujopsene.
Juniperus virginiana foliage and mature cones. Juniperus virginiana is a dense slow-growing coniferous evergreen tree with a conical or subcylindrical shaped crown [8] that may never become more than a bush on poor soil, but is ordinarily from 5–20 metres (16–66 feet) tall, with a short trunk 30–100 centimetres (12–39 inches) in diameter, rarely to 27 m (89 ft) in height and 170 cm (67 ...
Juniperus pinchotii, commonly known as Pinchot juniper or redberry juniper, is a species of juniper native to south-western North America, in Mexico: Nuevo León and Coahuila, and in the United States: south-eastern New Mexico, central Texas, and western Oklahoma. It grows at altitudes between 600 and 2,100 metres (2,000 and 6,900 feet). [2] [3]
Juniperus scopulorum is a small evergreen tree that in favorable conditions may reach as much as 20 metres (66 feet) in height. [4] However, on sites with little water or intense sun it will only attain shrub height, and even those that reach tree size will more typically be 4.6–6.1 metres (15–20 feet) tall in open juniper woodlands. [5]