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The nested set model is a technique for representing nested set collections (also known as trees or hierarchies) in relational databases. It is based on Nested Intervals, that "are immune to hierarchy reorganization problem, and allow answering ancestor path hierarchical queries algorithmically — without accessing the stored hierarchy relation".
Sometimes databases also support alternative syntax for this; for example, MySQL allows omitting the DEFAULT keyword, and T-SQL can use DEFAULT VALUES instead of VALUES(DEFAULT). The DEFAULT keyword can also be used in normal insertion to explicitly fill a column using that column's default value:
Certain jQuery object methods retrieve specific values (instead of modifying a state). An example of this is the val() method, which returns the current value of a text input element. In these cases, a statement such as $('#user-email').val() cannot be used for chaining as the return value does not reference a jQuery object.
XQuery 1.0 lacked any kind of mechanism for dynamic binding or polymorphism; this has been remedied with the introduction of functions as first-class values in XQuery 3.0. The absence of this capability starts to become noticeable when writing large applications, or when writing code that is designed to be reusable in different environments.
Many file systems' Access Control Lists implement an "append-only" permission: chattr in Linux can be used to set the append-only flag to files and directories. This corresponds to the O_APPEND flag in open(). [1] NTFS ACL has a control for "Create Folders / Append Data", but it does not seem to keep data immutable. [2]
A more complex example: the expression a [/ html / @lang = 'en'][@href = 'help.php'][1]/ @target selects the value of the target attribute of the first a element among the children of the context node that has its href attribute set to help.php, provided the document's html top-level element also has a lang attribute set to en. The reference to ...
In database theory, a relation, as originally defined by E. F. Codd, [1] is a set of tuples (d 1,d 2,...,d n), where each element d j is a member of D j, a data domain. Codd's original definition notwithstanding, and contrary to the usual definition in mathematics, there is no ordering to the elements of the tuples of a relation.
Joomla is written in PHP, uses object-oriented programming techniques, simple software design patterns, and stores data in a Structured Query Language (MySQL/MariaDB) database. [3] Joomla includes features such as page caching, RSS feeds, blogs, search, and support for language internationalisation.