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Topical cream formulation is an emulsion semisolid dosage form that is used for skin external application. Most of the topical cream formulations contain more than 20 per cent of water and volatiles and/or less than 50 per cent of hydrocarbons , waxes , or polyethylene glycols as the vehicle for external skin application. [ 1 ]
PDMS is used variously in the cosmetic and consumer product industry as well. For example, dimethicone is used widely in skin-moisturizing lotions where it is listed as an active ingredient whose purpose is "skin protection." Some cosmetic formulations use dimethicone and related siloxane polymers in concentrations of use up to 15%.
Horse ointment, known as horse oil and horse fat, is a topical formulation derived from subcutaneous fat of horses. [1] Due to its thickness and viscosity, horse ointment is intended for topical use on human skin and mucous membranes to moisturize and increase the restoration of damaged skin.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products. [6] 10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of D 5 is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area. [7] Atmospheric emissions of D 5 in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year. [8]
Ointments are more occlusive than aqueous creams, which are more occlusive than lotion. [5] Water loss through the skin is normally about 4–8 g/(m 2 ⋅h). A layer of petrolatum applied to normal skin can reduce that loss by 50–75% for several hours. [4] Oils naturally produced by the human body moisturize through this same mechanism. [2]
Skin care is a routine daily procedure in many settings, such as skin that is either too dry or too moist, and prevention of dermatitis and prevention of skin injuries. [ 3 ] Skin care is a part of the treatment of wound healing , radiation therapy and some medications.