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The optimal output, shown in the graph as , is the level of output at which marginal cost equals marginal revenue. The price that induces that quantity of output is the height of the demand curve at that quantity (denoted ).
A curve connecting the tangency points is called the expansion path because it shows how the input usages expand as the chosen level of output expands. In economics, an expansion path (also called a scale line [1]) is a path connecting optimal input combinations as the scale of production expands. [2]
The firm produces at the quantity of output where marginal cost equals marginal revenue (labeled Q in the upper graph), and its per-unit economic profit is the difference between average revenue AR and average total cost ATC at that point, the difference being P minus C in the graph's notation. With firms making economic profit and with free ...
Isocost v. Isoquant Graph. Each line segment is an isocost line representing one particular level of total input costs, denoted TC in the graph and C in the article's text. P L is the unit price of labor (w in the text) and P K is the unit price of physical capital (r in the text).
Firm 1's reaction function q1=R1(q2) gives its optimal output q1 to a given output q2 of firm 2. Likewise, firm 2's reaction function q2=R2(q1). The Cournot-Nash equilibrium occurs where the two reaction functions intersect and both firms are choosing the optimal output given the output of the other firm.
In microeconomics, a production–possibility frontier (PPF), production possibility curve (PPC), or production possibility boundary (PPB) is a graphical representation showing all the possible options of output for two that can be produced using all factors of production, where the given resources are fully and efficiently utilized per unit time.
The total cost curve, if non-linear, can represent increasing and diminishing marginal returns.. The short-run total cost (SRTC) and long-run total cost (LRTC) curves are increasing in the quantity of output produced because producing more output requires more labor usage in both the short and long runs, and because in the long run producing more output involves using more of the physical ...
Productive efficiency: no additional output of one good can be obtained without decreasing the output of another good, and production proceeds at the lowest possible average total cost. These definitions are not equivalent: a market or other economic system may be allocatively but not productively efficient, or productively but not allocatively ...