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Wetlands protecting the north trail. The adobe fort quickly became the center of the Bent, St. Vrain Company's expanding trade empire, which included Fort Saint Vrain to the north and Fort Adobe to the south, along with company stores in New Mexico at Taos and Santa Fe. The primary trade was with the Southern Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians for ...
Principal Chiefs of Arapaho Tribe, engraving by James D. Hutton, c. 1860. Arapaho interpreter Warshinun, also known as Friday, is seated at right.. Cheyenne and Arapaho Indian Reservation were the lands granted the Southern Cheyenne and the Southern Arapaho by the United States under the Medicine Lodge Treaty signed in 1867.
Built near the Cheyenne and Arapaho camping ground, Big Timbers, the fort was a little smaller than the adobe Bent's Old Fort, which had been destroyed by fire [3] [6] by Bent in 1849 during a severe cholera epidemic that decimated the southern Cheyenne. [8] [a] [b] The new building, with 16-foot walls, had twelve rooms built around a central ...
The Brulé Sioux under Spotted Tail who had been allies of the Cheyenne and Arapaho had peacefully settled near Fort Laramie. [36] [37] Black Kettle, always seeking peace, signed the Little Arkansas Treaty in October 1865 obligating his band of Southern Cheyenne to move to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma). [38]
The Bozeman Trail passed right through the Powder River Country which was near the center of Arapaho, Cheyenne, Lakota, and Dakota territory in Wyoming and southern Montana. The large number of miners and settlers competed directly with the Indians for resources such as food along the trail.
On February 18, 1861, six chiefs of the Southern Cheyenne and four of the Arapaho signed the Treaty of Fort Wise with the United States, [5] at Bent's New Fort at Big Timbers near what is now Lamar, Colorado, recently leased by the U.S. Government and renamed Fort Wise, in which they ceded to the United States most of the lands designated to them by the Fort Laramie treaty. [2]
Therefore, there was an increase in hostilities with or by the Southern Cheyenne and Arapaho until 1875. Poisal's uncle, Chief Left Hand, was killed in November 1864 during the Sand Creek massacre. [10] Snake Woman and her daughter Mary were at the encampment during the massacre. Many of the Arapaho men were on a hunting trip at the time. [16]
The Little Arkansas Treaty was a set of treaties signed between the United States of America and the Kiowa, Comanche, Plains Apache, Southern Cheyenne, and Southern Arapaho at Little Arkansas River, Kansas in October 1865. On October 14 and 18, 1865 the United States and all of the major Plains Indians Tribes signed a treaty on the Little ...