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Political thinker. Famous for his articulation of the theory of separation of powers, taken for granted in modern discussions of government and implemented in many constitutions all over the world. Political scientist, Donald Lutz, found that Montesquieu was the most frequently quoted authority on government in colonial America. [15]
4 Late modern (born between 1750 CE and 1900 CE) 5 Born in 20th century. ... Frederick the Great (1712–1786) Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1788) Immanuel Kant ...
List of aestheticians; List of critical theorists; List of environmental philosophers; List of epistemologists; List of ethicists; List of existentialists
Philosophical poet, one of the 5 greatest Iranian Poets. Al-Ghazali (c. 1058–1111). Islamic philosopher. Mystic. Yehudah HaLevi (c. 1075- 1141). Jewish poet, physician and philosopher. Peter Abelard (c. 1079–1142). Scholastic philosopher. Dealt with the problem of universals. Peter Lombard (c. 1100–1160). Scholastic. Ibn Tufail (c. 1105 ...
For placing Muhammad in first place of the list, the book received several controversial reviews from western critics, [25] but the book was widely welcomed and outburst with positive reviews in the Muslim world, and the book is often cited in the Muslim writers' book including Ayatollah Sayed Muhammad al-Shirazi, Ahmed Deedat etc. [26] [27 ...
Harriet Baber (born 1950); Babette Babich (born 1956); Rebeca Baceiredo (born 1979); Kent Bach (born 1943); Bronisław Baczko (1924–2016); Alain Badiou (born 1937); Julian Baggini (born 1968)
The Islamic Golden Age (8th to 14th century) was marked by a flourishing of intellectual activity in the Islamic world. Several scholars and thinkers from this era contributed to ideas that align with certain liberal principles, emphasizing reason, justice, and individual rights.
The idea of the Enlightenment has always been contested territory. According to Keith Thomas, its supporters "hail it as the source of everything that is progressive about the modern world. For them, it stands for freedom of thought, rational inquiry, critical thinking, religious tolerance, political liberty, scientific achievement, the pursuit ...