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The International Humic Substances Society advocates the use of standard laboratory methods for preparation of humic and fulvic acids. Humic substances are extracted from soil and other solid sources using 0.1 M NaOH, under a nitrogen atmosphere, to prevent abiotic oxidation of some of the components of HS.
Potassium humate is used in agriculture as a fertilizer additive to increase the efficiency of fertilizers especially nitrogen- and phosphorus-based fertilizer inputs. Other salts of humic acid are manufactured, mainly sodium humate, which is used in animal health supplements. It also can be used in aquaculture.
Increasing the soil's pH increases the ability of naturally occurring humic substances to improve infiltration in hydrophobic soils. Humic acid is only water-soluble at a pH greater than 6.5, while fulvic acid is soluble at all pH ranges. Both resident acids have a property that enables them to reduce the surface tension of water when in solution.
Soil consists of both mineral (inorganic) and organic components. The organic components can be subdivided into fractions that are soluble, largely humic acids, and insoluble, the humins. Humins make up about 50% of the organic matter in soil. [1]
Fulvic acid is the genus that contains the matter that has the lowest molecular weight, is soluble in acids and alkalis, and is susceptible to microbial action. Humic acid is the genus that contains the intermediate matter that has medial molecular weight, is soluble in alkalis and insoluble in acids, and has some resistance to microbial action.
Lignosulfonate is used in agriculture as an analogue of humic substances. As a soil conditioner , it is mainly used to enhance the absorption and retention of fertilizers and other nutrients. [ 7 ] It is able to chelate minerals while remaining bio-degradable, an improvement compared to EDTA . [ 8 ]