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The sex of the fetus may be discerned by ultrasound as early as 11 weeks' gestation. The accuracy is relatively imprecise when attempted early. [15] [16] [17] After 13 weeks' gestation, a high accuracy of between 99% and 100% is possible if the fetus does not display intersex external characteristics. [18]
The sex of a baby is available earlier than ever these days, with some at-home kits able to detect the male chromosome in a pregnant woman's blood as early as seven weeks into pregnancy.
An ultrasound showing an embryo measured to have a crown-rump length of 1.67 cm and estimated to have a gestational age of 8 weeks and 1 day. Crown-rump length (CRL) is the measurement of the length of human embryos and fetuses from the top of the head (crown) to the bottom of the buttocks (rump).
Non-invasive prenatal genetic screening is typically performed at the end of the 1st trimester (11–14 weeks) or during the beginning of the second trimester (15–20 weeks). This involves the pregnant woman receiving a blood draw with a needle and a syringe and an ultrasound of the fetus.
The test claimed that it offered an alternative to amniocentesis and ultrasound. [10] Gender Mentor claimed that women had many motivations for using the test to learn the sex of their fetuses early in pregnancy, including mental preparation and planning gender-specific purchases, or more controversially, sex-selective abortion. [11] [12]
CVS usually takes place at 10–12 weeks' gestation, earlier than amniocentesis or percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling. It is the preferred technique before 15 weeks. [2] CVS was performed for the first time in Milan by Italian biologist Giuseppe Simoni, scientific director of Biocell Center, in 1983. [3]
In another study values of 79.6% and 2.7% for the combined screening were then improved with the addition of second trimester ultrasound scanning to 89.7% and 4.2% respectively. [13] A further study reported detection of 88% for trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) and 75% for trisomy 18 ( Edwards syndrome ), with a 3.3% false-positive rate. [ 14 ]
Gestational age: 12 weeks and 0 days until 15 weeks and 6 days old. Embryonic age: 10 weeks and 0 days until 13 weeks and 6 days old. The fetus reaches a length of about 15 cm (6 in). A fine hair called lanugo develops on the head. Fetal skin is almost transparent. More muscle tissue and bones have developed, and the bones become harder.