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In mathematics, summation is the addition of a sequence of numbers, called addends or summands; the result is their sum or total.Beside numbers, other types of values can be summed as well: functions, vectors, matrices, polynomials and, in general, elements of any type of mathematical objects on which an operation denoted "+" is defined.
Most of the more elementary definitions of the sum of a divergent series are stable and linear, and any method that is both stable and linear cannot sum 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ to a finite value (see § Heuristics below). More advanced methods are required, such as zeta function regularization or Ramanujan summation.
2.3 Trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, hyperbolic, and inverse hyperbolic functions relationship. ... 7.2 Sum of reciprocal of factorials. 7.3 Trigonometry and ...
Euler's sum of powers conjecture § k = 3, relating to cubes that can be written as a sum of three positive cubes; Plato's number, an ancient text possibly discussing the equation 3 3 + 4 3 + 5 3 = 6 3; Taxicab number, the smallest integer that can be expressed as a sum of two positive integer cubes in n distinct ways
In computational complexity theory, the 3SUM problem asks if a given set of real numbers contains three elements that sum to zero. A generalized version, k-SUM, asks the same question on k elements, rather than simply 3. 3SUM can be easily solved in () time, and matching (⌈ / ⌉) lower bounds are known in some specialized models of computation (Erickson 1999).
As with any infinite series, the sum + + + + is defined to mean the limit of the partial sum of the first n terms = + + + + + + as n approaches infinity, if it exists. By various arguments, [a] [1] one can show that each finite sum is equal to
where n is a nonnegative integer and the sum is taken over all combinations of nonnegative indices i, j, and k such that i + j + k = n. [1] The trinomial coefficients are given by (,,) =!!!!. This formula is a special case of the multinomial formula for m = 3.
Computation of the sum 2 + 5 + 8 + 11 + 14. When the sequence is reversed and added to itself term by term, the resulting sequence has a single repeated value in it, equal to the sum of the first and last numbers (2 + 14 = 16). Thus 16 × 5 = 80 is twice the sum.