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The Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) is a scientific instrument for infrared astronomy, installed on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), operating from 1997 to 1999, and from 2002 to 2008. Images produced by NICMOS contain data from the near-infrared part of the light spectrum.
To allow mid-infrared observations within the JWST, the MIRI instrument has an additional cooling system. It works roughly similar to how most refrigerators or an air-conditioner works: a fluid is brought down to a cold temperature in the warm section, and sent back to the cold section where it absorbs heat, then it goes back to the condenser.
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Rigaku Corporation is an international manufacturer and distributor of scientific, analytical and industrial instrumentation specializing in X-ray related technologies, including X-ray crystallography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray reflectivity, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), automation, cryogenics and X-ray optics.
Nitrogen is a liquid under −195.8 °C (77.3 K).. In physics, cryogenics is the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures.. The 13th International Institute of Refrigeration's (IIR) International Congress of Refrigeration (held in Washington DC in 1971) endorsed a universal definition of "cryogenics" and "cryogenic" by accepting a threshold of 120 K (−153 °C) to ...
The Penn-Lincoln Parkway was built from 1953 to 1962 as a freeway bypass across the Pittsburgh area for both the Lincoln Highway (US 30) and the William Penn Highway (US 22). [citation needed] In 1953, the portion of present-day US 30 between PA 283 in Lancaster and PA 462 east of Lancaster was built as a freeway alignment of US 230.
Originally this was considered to be impossible. For some time it looked as if it would be impossible to cool below the lambda point of 4 He (2.17 K), but the low-temperature group of the Eindhoven University of Technology managed to cool to a temperature of 1.73 K by replacing the usual 4 He as refrigerant by its rare isotope 3 He.
Matheson Tri-Gas, Inc. produces industrial, medical, and specialty gases, and associated gas handling equipment, in North America.MATHESON offers semiconductor, medical, welding, atmospheric gases, rare gases delivered via pipelines, onsite generators, bulk tanks, and in gas cylinders to customers using gases in their labs, semiconductor fabs, hospitals, chemical plants, manufacturing and many ...