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For higher powers of ten, naming diverges. The Indian system uses names for every second power of ten: lakh (10 5), crore (10 7), arab (10 9), kharab (10 11), etc. In the two Western systems, long and short scales, there are names for every third power of ten. The short scale uses million (10 6), billion (10 9), trillion (10 12), etc.
In modern India, the terms lakh for 10 5 and crore for 10 7 are in common use. Both are vernacular (Hindustani) forms derived from a list of names for powers of ten in Yājñavalkya Smṛti, where 10 5 and 10 7 named lakṣa and koṭi, respectively.
Lakh and crore are common enough to have entered Indian English. For number 0, Modern Standard Hindi is more inclined towards śūnya (a Sanskrit tatsama ) and Standard Urdu is more inclined towards sifr (borrowed from Arabic), while the native tadbhava -form is sunnā in Hindustani.
The name of a number 10 3n+3, where n is greater than or equal to 1000, is formed by concatenating the names of the numbers of the form 10 3m+3, where m represents each group of comma-separated digits of n, with each but the last "-illion" trimmed to "-illi-", or, in the case of m = 0, either "-nilli-" or "-nillion". [17]
Crore (/ k r ɔːr /; abbreviated cr) denotes the quantity ten million (10 7) and is equal to 100 lakh in the Indian numbering system.In many international contexts, the decimal quantity is formatted as 10,000,000, but when used in the context of the Indian numbering system, the quantity is usually formatted 1,00,00,000.
The Hindu–Arabic system is designed for positional notation in a decimal system. In a more developed form, positional notation also uses a decimal marker (at first a mark over the ones digit but now more commonly a decimal point or a decimal comma which separates the ones place from the tenths place), and also a symbol for "these digits recur ad infinitum".
In both scales, names are given to orders of magnitude at increments of 1000. Both systems use the same names for magnitudes less than 10 9. Differences arise from the use of identical names for larger magnitudes. For the same magnitude name (n-illion), the value is 10 3n+3 in the short scale but 10 6n in the long scale for positive integers n ...
sa dvidhā sthūlasūkṣmatvān mūrtaś cāmūrta ucyate ॥ 10 ॥ (10) Time is the destroyer of the worlds; another Time has for its nature to bring to pass. This latter, according as it is gross or minute, is called by two names, real (murta) and unreal (amurta).