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An aeronautical chart is a map designed to assist in the navigation of aircraft, much as nautical charts do for watercraft, or a roadmap does for drivers. Using these charts and other tools, pilots are able to determine their position, safe altitude, best route to a destination, navigation aids along the way, alternative landing areas in case of an in-flight emergency, and other useful ...
American Airlines defines short-/medium-haul flights as being less than 3,000 mi (2,600 nmi; 4,800 km) and long-haul as either being more than 3000 miles or being the New York–Los Angeles and New York–San Francisco routes.
Print/export Download as PDF; ... or air routes are defined by the Federal Aviation Administration ... Intermediate fields were located every 30 miles (48 km) in case ...
A minimum off-route altitude (MORA) provides a quick way for an aircraft pilot to read the minimum altitude required for terrain and obstacle clearance. MORAs give at least 1,000 feet altitude clearance above terrain and obstacles such as radio masts , and 2,000 feet where the terrain and obstacles exceed 5,000 feet. [ 1 ]
A great circle route would have the shortest ground distance, but is unlikely to have the shortest air distance, due to the effect of head or tail winds. A flight planning system may have to perform significant analysis to determine a good free-flight route.
Q routes in the U.S. are RNAV only high altitude airways, whereas J routes use VOR NAVAID's the same way V routes do. J & Q routes run from 18,000 feet (5,486 m) to 45,000 feet (13,716 m). The altitude separating the low and high airway structures varies from country to country.
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