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The 4AT has 4 parameters: Alertness; Abbreviated mental test-4 (AMT4) Attention (months backwards test) Acute change or fluctuating course; The score range is 0–12, with scores of 4 or more suggesting possible delirium. Scores of 1-3 suggest possible cognitive impairment. There are several indications of a positive score of 4 or more.
MDCalc is a free online medical reference for healthcare professionals that provides point-of-care clinical decision-support tools, including medical calculators, scoring systems, and algorithms. [1] MDCalc is also a mobile and web app. [ 2 ] The decision-support tools are based on published clinical research, [ 3 ] and MDCalc’s content is ...
The FOUR score has been validated with reference to the Glasgow Coma Scale in several clinical contexts, including assessment by physicians in the Neurocritical Care Unit, [1] assessment by intensive care nurses, [2] assessment of patients in the medical intensive care unit (ICU), [3] and assessment of patients in the Emergency Department. [4]
The Abbreviated Mental Test score (AMTS) is a 10-point test for rapidly assessing elderly patients for the possibility of dementia. It was first used in 1972, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and is now sometimes also used to assess for mental confusion (including delirium ) and other cognitive impairments .
Medical calculators arose because modern medicine makes frequent use of scores and indices that put physicians' memory and calculation skills to the test. [2] The advent of personal computers, the Internet and Web, and more recently personal digital assistants (PDAs) have formed an environment conducive to their development, spread and use.
The King's College criteria were described in a seminal publication in 1989 by J.G. O'Grady and colleagues from King's College School of Medicine. [2] 588 patients with acute liver failure who presented to King's College Hospital from 1973 to 1985 were assessed retrospectively to determine if there were particular clinical features or tests that correlated poorly with prognosis.
A person who has no cognitive decline will have an average score of 3, while scores of greater than 3 indicate that some decline has occurred. However, some users of the IQCODE have scored it by summing the scores to give a range from 26 to 130. [3] Various cutoff scores have been used to distinguish dementia from normality.
For each item, a score of 0 typically indicates normal function in that specific ability, while a higher score is indicative of some level of impairment. [1] The individual scores from each item are summed in order to calculate a patient's total NIHSS score. The maximum possible score is 42, with the minimum score being a 0. [2] [3]