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Authors show that excluding roots and mycorrhizal fungi resulted in net carbon loss, and that the result could not be explained by soil disturbance effects. [29] The mechanism presented is that ectomycorrhizal fungi can compete with free-living decomposers for nutrients, and thereby limit the rate of total decomposition.
Yeasts have been used since ancient times to leaven bread and to ferment beer and wine. [2] More recently, fungi have been used for a wide variety of industrial fermentations, whether working directly for their effects on materials such as processing paper pulp or bioremediating industrial waste, or serving as the source of enzymes for many purposes, such as fading and softening denim for ...
Cladosporium oxysporum is mostly located Asia and Africa, [2] but it can also be found distributed throughout tropical and the subtropical regions. [1] The fungus is commonly found on dead herbaceous and woody plants in the tropics [5] as they are saprotrophs in warmer climates. [4]
Further environmental manipulation involved the release of PODs to lower the pH and create a more acidic habitat. [citation needed] The resulting conclusion is that peroxides not only make lignin accessible, but create a more accessible environment for white-rot fungi to compete in. Even with a specialized catabolic mechanism, competition ...
It has been hypothesized that rhizosphere helper bacteria, in the soil, have developed traits to aid them in competition for inoculating fungi in their environment. [8] Thus, it is plausible that MHBs select for certain fungi and developed some specificity towards a fungus that favors the bacteria. [8] [1]
Entomopathogenic fungi all typically disperse through the environment through the use of microscopic spores (usually asexual or Conidia) that commonly use hydrophobins and adhesins to attach to and recognize the host cuticle. [4] Germination is environmentally triggered under specific temperature and humidity conditions.
The English word fungus is directly adopted from the Latin fungus (mushroom), used in the writings of Horace and Pliny. [10] This in turn is derived from the Greek word sphongos (σφόγγος 'sponge'), which refers to the macroscopic structures and morphology of mushrooms and molds; [11] the root is also used in other languages, such as the German Schwamm ('sponge') and Schimmel ('mold').
Most phytopathogenic fungi are Ascomycetes or Basidiomycetes. They reproduce both sexually and asexually via the production of spores and other structures. Spores may be spread long distances by air or water, or they may be soil borne. Many soil inhabiting fungi are capable of living saprotrophically, carrying out the role of their life cycle ...