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  2. Ralph Bingham Cloward - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Bingham_Cloward

    Ralph Bingham Cloward (September 24, 1908 — November 13, 2000) was an American neurosurgeon, best known for his innovations in spinal neurosurgery. Cloward is known for the development of the Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion and Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion . [ 1 ]

  3. Cloward–Piven strategy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloward–Piven_strategy

    The Cloward–Piven strategy is a political strategy outlined in 1966 by American sociologists and political activists Richard Cloward and Frances Fox Piven.The strategy aims to utilize "militant anti poverty groups" to facilitate a "political crisis" by overloading the welfare system via an increase in welfare claims, forcing the creation of a system of guaranteed minimum income and ...

  4. Richard Cloward - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Cloward

    Richard Andrew Cloward (December 25, 1926 – August 20, 2001) was an American sociologist and activist. He influenced the Strain theory of criminal behavior and the concept of anomie , and was a primary motivator for the passage of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 , commonly known as the "Motor Voter Act".

  5. Poor People's Movements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poor_People's_Movements

    Poor People's Movements: Why They Succeed, How They Fail (1977; second edition 1979) is a book about social movements by the American academics and political activists Frances Fox Piven and Richard Cloward. The book advanced Piven and Cloward's theories about the possibilities and limits of social change through protest.

  6. Praxeology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praxeology

    In philosophy, praxeology or praxiology (/ ˌ p r æ k s i ˈ ɒ l ə dʒ i /; from Ancient Greek πρᾶξις (praxis) 'deed, action' and -λογία (-logia) 'study of') is the theory of human action, based on the notion that humans engage in purposeful behavior, contrary to reflexive behavior and other unintentional behavior.

  7. Historiometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historiometry

    Francis Galton, one of the pioneers of historiometry. Historiometry is the historical study of human progress or individual personal characteristics, using statistics to analyze references to geniuses, [1] their statements, behavior and discoveries in relatively neutral texts.

  8. Anthropometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropometry

    A Bertillon record for Francis Galton, from a visit to Bertillon's laboratory in 1893. The history of anthropometry includes and spans various concepts, both scientific and pseudoscientific, such as craniometry, paleoanthropology, biological anthropology, phrenology, physiognomy, forensics, criminology, phylogeography, human origins, and cranio-facial description, as well as correlations ...

  9. Cognitive psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_psychology

    Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of human mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning. [1] Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s in a break from behaviorism , which held from the 1920s to 1950s that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of ...