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In either the coordinate or vector formulations, one may verify that the given point lies on the given plane by plugging the point into the equation of the plane. To see that it is the closest point to the origin on the plane, observe that p {\displaystyle \mathbf {p} } is a scalar multiple of the vector v {\displaystyle \mathbf {v} } defining ...
In the case of a line in the plane given by the equation ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are real constants with a and b not both zero, the distance from the line to a point (x 0,y 0) is [1] [2]: p.14
the distance between the two lines is the distance between the two intersection points of these lines with the perpendicular line y = − x / m . {\displaystyle y=-x/m\,.} This distance can be found by first solving the linear systems
The distance from a point to a plane in three-dimensional Euclidean space [7] The distance between two lines in three-dimensional Euclidean space [8] The distance from a point to a curve can be used to define its parallel curve, another curve all of whose points have the same distance to the given curve. [9]
In mathematics, a spherical coordinate system specifies a given point in three-dimensional space by using a distance and two angles as its three coordinates. These are the radial distance r along the line connecting the point to a fixed point called the origin; the polar angle θ between this radial line and a given polar axis; [a] and
This familiar equation for a plane is called the general form of the equation of the plane or just the plane equation. [6] Thus for example a regression equation of the form y = d + ax + cz (with b = −1) establishes a best-fit plane in three-dimensional space when there are two explanatory variables.
The rejection of a vector from a plane is its orthogonal projection on a straight line which is orthogonal to that plane. Both are vectors. The first is parallel to the plane, the second is orthogonal. For a given vector and plane, the sum of projection and rejection is equal to the original vector.
The point at which the line intersects the plane is therefore described by setting the point on the line equal to the point on the plane, giving the parametric equation: l a + l a b t = p 0 + p 01 u + p 02 v . {\displaystyle \mathbf {l} _{a}+\mathbf {l} _{ab}t=\mathbf {p} _{0}+\mathbf {p} _{01}u+\mathbf {p} _{02}v.}