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Rolls-Royce pioneered the hollow, titanium wide-chord fan blade in the 1980s for aerodynamic efficiency and foreign object damage resistance in the RB211 then for the Trent. GE Aviation introduced carbon fiber composite fan blades on the GE90 in 1995, manufactured since 2017 with a carbon-fiber tape-layer process.
A variable pitch fan is similar in concept to that of a variable-pitch propeller and involves progressively reducing the pitch (or blade angle) of the fan on a turbofan as the engine is throttled. Although variable pitch fans are used in some industrial applications, the focus of this article is on their use in turbofan engines .
The swept fan blades produce 2–3% more flow at a given speed with the same 2.8 m (110 in) fan, for an additional 10,000 lbf (44 kN) of thrust, while fan efficiency is 1% better. [30] [30] The HP compressor rotors and stators and the IP compressor stators were designed with 3D aerodynamics. [30]
Its 118.2 in (300 cm) fan with 18 reversing pitch composite blades had a 15:1 bypass ratio. It aimed to cut fuel consumption by 6–7%, emissions by 15%, and generate less noise due to lower fan tip speed of 950 ft/s (290 m/s), down from 1,400 ft/s (430 m/s) in conventional 5:1 bypass turbofans.
Jet engines have propelled high speed cars, particularly drag racers, with the all-time record held by a rocket car. A turbofan powered car, ThrustSSC, currently holds the land speed record. Jet engine designs are frequently modified for non-aircraft applications, as industrial gas turbines or marine powerplants. These are used in electrical ...
This high-speed, hot-gas exhaust blends with the low speed, cool-air exhaust from the fan stage, and both contribute to the overall thrust of the engine. Depending on what proportion of cool air is bypassed around the engine core, a turbofan can be called low-bypass, high-bypass, or very-high-bypass engines.
The Rolls-Royce Trent XWB is a high-bypass turbofan produced by Rolls-Royce Holdings.In July 2006, the Trent XWB was selected to exclusively power the Airbus A350. [2] The first engine was run on 14 June 2010, [3] it first flew on an A380 testbed on 18 February 2012, [4] was certified in early 2013, [5] and first flew on an A350 on 14 June 2013. [6]
A household electric fan A large cylindrical fan. A fan is a powered machine that creates airflow. A fan consists of rotating vanes or blades, generally made of wood, plastic, or metal, which act on the air. The rotating assembly of blades and hub is known as an impeller, rotor, or runner. Usually, it is contained within some form of housing ...