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An object reference means a name, and the passed reference is an "alias", i.e. a copy of the reference to the same object, just as in C/C++. The object's value may be changed in the called function with the "alias", for example:
The named reference $1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page). displays for both references. This can be very confusing, as the order of references in the list may not match the order used in the content. If {} is used and the |refs= parameter is missing or malformed. If a named reference is invoked within the reference list markup:
^ Cite error: The named reference foo was invoked but never defined (see the help page). Cite error: A list-defined reference with the name "foo" has been invoked, but is not defined in the <references> tag (see the help page ).
In that case a new object B is created, and the fields values of A are copied over to B. [3] [4] [5] This is also known as a field-by-field copy, [6] [7] [8] field-for-field copy, or field copy. [9] If the field value is a reference to an object (e.g., a memory address) it copies the reference, hence referring to the same object as A does, and ...
In the following example, the list of references in the group note is missing:. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.<ref group="note">Reference 1</ref> Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
A list-defined reference has an invalid name. Ensure the footnote name is formatted properly. More than one use of {} or #tag:ref within list defined references. You can only use {} or #tag:ref once as a list-defined reference.
There are <ref group=$1> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=$1}} template (see the help page). A list-defined reference has a conflicting group attribute "$1" (see the help page). A list-defined reference named "$1" is not used in the content (see the help page).
All references defined in the reference list must be invoked in prior content. Unused references must be removed or commented out, or stripped of their <ref>...</ref> tags and moved to another section, such as "Further reading".