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Square number. Square number 16 as sum of gnomons. In mathematics, a square number or perfect square is an integer that is the square of an integer; [ 1 ] in other words, it is the product of some integer with itself. For example, 9 is a square number, since it equals 32 and can be written as 3 × 3.
All square triangular numbers have the form , where is a convergent to the continued fraction expansion of , the square root of 2. [4]A. V. Sylwester gave a short proof that there are infinitely many square triangular numbers: If the th triangular number (+) is square, then so is the larger (+) th triangular number, since:
Square (algebra) 5⋅5, or 52 (5 squared), can be shown graphically using a square. Each block represents one unit, 1⋅1, and the entire square represents 5⋅5, or the area of the square. In mathematics, a square is the result of multiplying a number by itself. The verb "to square" is used to denote this operation.
Triangular numbers are a type of figurate number, other examples being square numbers and cube numbers. The n th triangular number is the number of dots in the triangular arrangement with n dots on each side, and is equal to the sum of the n natural numbers from 1 to n. The sequence of triangular numbers, starting with the 0th triangular number ...
Each centered square number is the sum of successive squares. Example: as shown in the following figure of Floyd's triangle, 25 is a centered square number, and is the sum of the square 16 (yellow rhombus formed by shearing a square) and of the next smaller square, 9 (sum of two blue triangles):
The difference of two squares is used to find the linear factors of the sum of two squares, using complex number coefficients. For example, the complex roots of can be found using difference of two squares: (since ) Therefore, the linear factors are and . Since the two factors found by this method are complex conjugates, we can use this in ...
Such a number is algebraic and can be expressed as the sum of a rational number and the square root of a rational number. Constructible number: A number representing a length that can be constructed using a compass and straightedge. Constructible numbers form a subfield of the field of algebraic numbers, and include the quadratic surds.
Squared triangular number. A square whose side length is a triangular number can be partitioned into squares and half-squares whose areas add to cubes. From Gulley (2010). The nth coloured region shows n squares of dimension n by n (the rectangle is 1 evenly divided square), hence the area of the nth region is n times n x n.