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Such analysis determines if an object is a tool or was worked by humans and can also determine what an object was used for. Bone and antler tools, for example, will begin to polish over time with repeated use. By examining the worn, polished areas, scientists may determine how a bone or antler tool was held and used. [26] Worked antler
Burnishing can also be a step towards preparing pottery for pit firing, saggar firing, or raku. [5] This technique can be applied to concrete masonry, creating a polished finish. [6] An orange burnished pot at the Petrie Museum. Burnishing can also be applied to wood, by rubbing two pieces together along the grain. Hard woods take the treatment ...
Bone, ivory, and antler are rarely attacked by insects, but horn is often seriously damaged by the larvae of carpet beetles and clothes moths. [7] Light, ultraviolet, and infrared. Ivory, bone, and antler should be kept away from bright light such as spotlights or direct sunlight. Bright light can increase the surface temperature of the object.
The Anglo-Saxon Franks Casket is a whale bone casket imitating earlier ivory ones. [4] Medieval bone caskets were made by the Embriachi workshop of north Italy (c. 1375 –1425) and others, mostly using rows of thin plaques carved in relief. [5] A face carved on a piece of curved bone. The face is framed by hair and part of a winged head-dress ...
A 17th century English lapidary text. The etymological root of the word lapidary is the Latin word lapis, meaning "stone". [6] In the 14th century, the term evolved from lapidarius, meaning 'stonecutter' or 'working with stone', into the Old French word lapidaire, meaning 'one skilled in working with precious stones'.
Polishing is the process of creating a smooth and shiny surface by rubbing it or by applying a chemical treatment, leaving a clean surface with a significant specular reflection (still limited by the index of refraction of the material according to the Fresnel equations). [1]
Polishing is a crucial step in preparing a blade for analysis, since it brings out and enhances all external details as mentioned earlier. This is important because details such as the shape, geometry, particular proportions, appearance of the hamon and grain pattern and so on, are distinctive enough that they can be used to accurately ...
Burin from the Upper Paleolithic (Gravettian) (ca. 29,000–22,000 BP). In archaeology and the field of lithic reduction, a burin / ˈ b juː r ɪ n / (from the French burin, meaning "cold chisel" or modern engraving burin) is a type of stone tool, a handheld lithic flake with a chisel-like edge which prehistoric humans used for carving or finishing wood or bone tools or weapons, and sometimes ...